Another word for content analysis
For example, the form of the present form of the verb-predicate in the Ukrainian language corresponds by its content to the English corresponding forms of the Present Indefinite, Present Continuous and partially to the Present Perfect the form of the Genitive Case of an Ukrainian noun may correspond by its grammatical meaning to the English preposition noun construction (of + n) or the form of the Common Case of the noun in a preposition to another noun. The fact that the English and Ukrainian languages belong to different branches of the Indo-European family of languages and to different structural types specifies divergences in their structure, sets of their grammatical categories, forms and constructions that make up a large group of grammar difficulties of translation.Īnother category of difficulties is stipulated by different volume of the content of similar forms and construction. The largest complex of grammatical problems of translation is naturally connected with understanding the syntactical structure and the morphological composition of sentences as linguistic elements and direct carriers of subject information.
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While translating a comprehension of the content of the sentences and semantic relations between sentences, as well as the meanings of metatexual elements, participating in the organization of a text, are necessary. the ability of orientation oneself in that subject branch to which a text intended for translation belongs, in our case – different sublanguages of medicine, for example, such as Therapy, Surgery, Traumatology, Ophthalmology, Cardiology etc. Of special importance for a translator of a scientific text is the knowledge of the subject of translation, i.e. Thus, the general competence of a teacher envisages a good knowledge of the grammatical specific characteristics of the languages from which and into which the translation is done, the principles of the theory of translation in general and the translation of a medical scientific text, in particular, as well as translation adequacies in the field of grammar and vocabulary, translation transformations, ways of rendering various linguistic and speech phenomena. Аn obligatory condition of an adequate translation of a scientific text is the ability to analyze the grammatical structure of foreign sentences to ascertain translation difficulties and construct sentences while translating according to the norms of a language and the genre of translation. From the point of view of the vocabulary, the main feature of technical translation is the maximum saturation of the special terminology that is characteristic of a given branch of knowledge.
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Authors of scientific works avoid the usage of many expressive means of language, in order not to violate the basic principle of the scientific and technical language - the accuracy and clarity of the presentation. Technical translation is the translation of texts of technical subjects, in particular, documents of different specialization, all kinds of reference literature, dictionaries, product conformity certificates, operating instructions, engineering plans, scientific and technical articles, business contracts and other commercial technical proposals. One of the most complicated types of translation is a scientific and technical translation, since for an adequate interpretation of a material in another language not only linguistic but technical knowledge is required as well. The task of an interpreter is to feel the style of the article, to convey all the subtleties of the translated material without distorting the original source.
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When translating, all the subtleties of a foreign language must be taken into account. The translation of a foreign language text is always associated with many difficulties that arise in the way of an interpreter. Examples of transformations by textsĪmong the urgent problems of modern translation, the development of such a field as the translation of scientific and technical texts takes an important place, in connection with the accelerating scientific and technical process this type of translation is becoming more and more in demand.
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General theoretical questions of translation.Ĭhapter 5.